Thus, individuals and their physicians are increasingly presented with polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular conditions in clinical encounters. Genetic profiling is becoming widespread in large-scale research, including in health care–associated biobanks, randomized controlled trials, and direct-to-consumer profiling in tens of millions of people. Systematic cataloging for cardiovascular risk alleles also enabled the development of polygenic risk scores. Genome-wide association studies from such endeavors continue to elucidate causal mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases. Significant technological and methodological advances since the Human Genome Project are facilitating population-based comprehensive genetic profiling at decreasing costs. However, twin and familial aggregation studies imply that diverse cardiovascular conditions are heritable in the general population. Rare mendelian pathogenic variants predisposing to cardiometabolic conditions have long been known to contribute to disease risk in some families. Genetic characterization has been proposed as an approach to enable earlier and potentially tailored prevention.

However, despite advances, risk prediction remains imprecise with persistently high rates of incident cardiovascular disease. Current efforts focus on risk prediction and risk factor mitigation‚ which have been recognized for the past half-century.

Customer Service and Ordering InformationĬardiovascular disease is the leading contributor to years lost due to disability or premature death among adults.Stroke: Vascular and Interventional Neurology.Journal of the American Heart Association (JAHA).Circ: Cardiovascular Quality & Outcomes.Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (ATVB).

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